Essay On Type 2 Diabetes - 721 Words

Type 2 diabetes is an enormous and rising chronic disease seen in the United States (U.S.) and throughout many parts of the world. â€Å"Nearly 26 million Americans have the disease† (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow Ratner, 2012, p. 1380). This includes over 10% of the total adult population and greater than 25% of the population 65 years and older (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow Ratner, 2012). High prevalence rates of prediabetes have been recorded as well. According to Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow Ratner (2012), there is an additional 79 million adult Americans who have prediabetes. There are several reasons type 2 diabetes has a higher prevalence rate at this time and these risks include; age, ethnicity, obesity, family history, smoking and a sedentary†¦show more content†¦The high prevalence rate of diabetes comes at a substantial economic cost. Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow Ratner (2012), report diabetes and prediabetes accounted for roughly $218 billion in direct medical costs an d lost productivity in the U.S. in 2007. This chronic illness requires several diverse medical professionals to safely and efficiently provide health care to these complex patients. â€Å"The American Diabetes Association (ADA) standard of medical care recommends that diabetes treatment be delivered via health care team minimally consisting of a physician, nurse, dietitian, and mental health professional† (Earles, 2001, p. 848). Nurse educators are able to assess patients diabetes management skills and knowledge about the disease. Nurse educators also teach patients on the importance of glucose monitoring and insulin injection technique. The role of a dietician according to Earles (2001) is to develop individual meal plans for each patient and to present meal planning classes that covers general dietary guidelines. Lastly, pharmacists plays a big role as part of the interdisciplinary team as well. Many patients with diabetes have complex medication regimens (Earles, 2001). Th e team role of a pharmacist is to review and suggest alternative medications that may be more suited for the patient on an individual need. Pharmacists also assist theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Type 2 Diabetes898 Words   |  4 PagesCardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes; Bruce Neal, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Vlado Perkovic, M.B., B.S., Ph.D., Kenneth W. Mahaffey, M.D., Dick de Zeeuw, M.D., Ph.D., Greg Fulcher, M.D., Ngozi Erondu, M.D., Ph.D., Wayne Shaw, D.S.L., Gordon Law, Ph.D., Mehul Desai, M.D., and David R. Matthews, D.Phil., B.M., B.Ch; New England Journal of Medicine Introduction †¢ An estimated 23.1 million people—or 7.2% of the U.S. population—had diagnosed diabetes †¢ Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased riskRead MoreEssay On Type 2 Diabetes1689 Words   |  7 PagesReducing Type II Diabetes within our African American Community According to Healthy People 2020 (2014), diabetes affects over 29 million people in the United States, with another estimated 28 percent of the population having undiagnosed cases. Of those at risk, African Americans are almost 2 times more likely to be diagnosed as opposed to their Caucasian counterparts. Many preventable associated factors include limited knowledge regarding disease processes, healthy diet, and limited knowledge ofRead MoreEssay on Type 2 Diabetes1492 Words   |  6 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus: An Emerging Epidemic nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by inadequate insulin secretion by the pancreas or cellular destruction leading to an insulin deficiency. Depending on the cause of the insulin shortage, diabetes can be subcategorized into type I and type II. Type I diabetes (T1DM) is usually mediated by the destruction of b-cells in the pancreas resulting in decreased insulin production and secretionRead MoreType 2 Diabetes Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesType 2 Diabetes in African American Community Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes in the U.S., and it is a severe disease with numerous life-threatening consequences. T2DM occurs when insulin, which is a hormone released by the pancreas for sugar metabolism, becomes low or cannot be utilized by cells. In the normal condition, insulin circulates in the bloodstream and enables to convert starch, sugar, and all polysaccharides complex into glucose, which cells use forRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Type 2518 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes Type 2 1.Diabetes is considered a life style disease because it is not something you were born with it is something you bring upon yourself, stress, dont enough exercise, eating too much of the wrong foods, pregnancy or family history cause this particular disease. 2. Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. It effects the respiratory system In Type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulinRead MoreEssay On Type 2 Diabetes755 Words   |  4 Pagesearly detection of type 2 diabetes by screening are lacking and are now unlikely to be obtained.† Khunti K, Davies M (2012) Type 2 diabetes is common and more so now, evidence backing the efficiency and usefulness of screening is limited (Khunti K, Davies M 2012). There are no trials done of screened patients and non screened patients and thus no evidence to go with this perfect way of comparing the cost-effectiveness of this method (Khunti K, Davies M, 2012). Type 2 diabetes meets the criteriaRead MoreEssay On Type 2 Diabetes1757 Words   |  8 Pagesbarriers to adhering to self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes? Two research papers were selected to address this question, namely Moser et al (2008) and Rise et al (2013). Moser et al (2008) and Rise et al (2013) both clearly stated the purpose of their research studies. The purpose of the former study was to report an empirically grounded conceptualization of self-management in the context of autonomy of people with type 2 diabetes (Moser et al.,2008). The aim of the latter study was toRead MoreInside Type 2 Diabetes Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes is a very serious disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is manage properly through preventative measures, diabetics can live a normal life. According to (Diabetes UK 2008) Type 2 diabetes can remain undetected for ten years or more and 50 per cent of people show signs of complications when diagnosed. It is therefore the responsibility of the individuals and the government to prevent the disease from developing. A lot of people do not realise that their weightRead MoreThe Reality of Type 2 Diabetes Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosed with type 2 diabetes as it seems to come out of nowhere. Common first reactions include confusion, denial, anger, anxiety and a sense of defeat. The mind starts to explain this information with thoughts such as the doctor is mistaken, the test is faulty, or I feel healthy. This quickly morphs into feeling betrayed by one’s body and questions of why this is happening. Most people have a general idea of what diabetes is but misconceptions about the causes, treatment and types of diabetes lead toRead MoreType 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 Diabetes Mellit us (T2DM) is a chronic disease that is modifiable and preventable through diet and exercise. The incidence of T2DM is propagated by a sedentary lifestyle and excessive caloric intake. Maintenance of a desirable body weight, diet, and exercise are the mainstay therapy for T2DM (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, Sanberg-Cook, 2013). I have chosen Shannon, a 30 year old single African American female who is newly diagnosed with T2DM for my health promotion paper. Shannon is obese

Ambiguity in Language Essay - 2263 Words

Ambiguity in Language If everything we know is viewed as a transition from something else, every experience must have a double meaning or for every meaning there must be two aspects. All meaning is only meaningful in reference to, and in distinction from, other meanings; there is no meaning in any stable or absolute sense. Meanings are multiple, changing, and contextual. SIGMUND FREUD Language, being a system of communication, has a very delicate job to perform, particularly when it is being used by us humans. It does not merely communicate words as impersonal and isolated entities. Words, in their train bring a set of emotions, beliefs, customs, situations,†¦show more content†¦A brief explanation of these different types with examples is given below. (i) Lexical ambiguity: When homonyms can occur in the same position in utterances, the result is lexical ambiguity. In other words when the ambiguity is caused by a single word it is called the lexical ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity is by far the more common and its examples are found everywhere. For example, the word deep can mean profundity (What you have said is very deep.), or it can be used to describe physical depth (This hole is very deep†). In fact, almost any word has more than one meaning. Note = A musical tone or A short written record. Lie = Statement that you know it is not true or present tense of lay: to be or put yourself in a flat position. The word strikes can occur as either a verb meaning to hit or a noun meaning a refusal to work. Of course, the ambiguity is not likely to be sustained in a longer discourse. A following utterance explains whether a ‘bank’ means a place for depositing or withdrawing money or the side of a river. Quite often hom onyms belong to different lexical categories and do not create ambiguity e.g. ‘seen’ is a form of verb ‘see’ while ‘scene’ is an unrelated noun. We can take the very word ambiguity itself. It can mean an indecision as to what you mean, an intention to meanShow MoreRelatedAmbiguity And Balance Between Language And Power2331 Words   |  10 Pages Ambiguity and Balance between Language and Power: A Study Of Legal Discourse in International Instruments Muhammad Gamal Abdullah Ain-Shams University Al-Alsun Faculty Supervisor: Prof. Asmaa Amin Theoretical Part 1. Introduction: With the increasing number of international bodies, institutions and accords, the need for legal discourse with its molds and fixed-like characteristics grows, especially in drafting international documents. Legal translation is considerably distinct fromRead MoreLanguage and Cognition1143 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage and Cognition Axia College of the University of Phoenix PSY360 September 12, 2011 Language and Cognition Language is considered unique among humans. Language, as defined below, occurs only among the human species and does not exist elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Therefore, the study of how humans learn, process, and create meaning from linguistic utterances and the written word is a central feature of cognitive psychology. The many questions that arise from this line of researchRead MoreCognitive Process Associated with Language Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Processes Associated With Language Gwendolyn Spillman, University of Phoenix Cognitive Psychology PSYCH/640 Gaston Weisz March 21, 2014 Cognitive Processes Associated With Language Language is a cognitive function that most humans take for granted. The basic means of communication among individuals is through language. Language allows people to communicate with each other, share his or her thoughts and feelings, share ideas and concepts, fears, and affirmations. Different culturesRead MoreLanguage Paper1544 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage Paper Michelle Langmesser Psy-360 June 6, 2010 Eboni Sheilds Definition of Language â€Å"Many definitions of language have been suggested. An English Phonetician and language scholar, Henry Sweet stated, Language is the expression of ideas by means of speech-sounds combined into words. Words are combined into sentences, this combination answering to that of ideas into thoughts† (language, 2010). The American linguists George L. Trager and Bernard Bloch have the following definitionRead MoreHow Strategic Ambiguity Is Used To Create Favorable Impressions1123 Words   |  5 PagesHow strategic ambiguity is used to create favorable impressions organizational policies First, the present uncertainty definition is a straight outcome of relative perception of meaning. Being a strategy in Organizational Communication outlook, ambiguity remains essential to some consistent observation. Perception, Language as well as knowledge are wholly symbiotic. The reality experience if it is due to language, perception, memory, or something else, is a product of skipping outside the providedRead MoreWhat Is The Problem Of Vowel From The Vowel Chart?930 Words   |  4 Pagesrun through of transcriptions, the vowels that we came up with had not narrowed down our choices much, as we had not chosen only vowels from the selected languages but rather any vowel from the vowel chart. Norwegian was a clear option due to its inclusive vowel listing. However it seemed that it could also have been Finnish, owing to ambiguities like the decision in between [e], [É›], and [É ª] in the word â€Å"urge†, or the deciding whether the second vowel in â€Å"cups† really was a [É”]. However, once theRead More Explain the way in which Duffy presents the strengths and limitations1203 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the way in which Duffy presents the strengths and limitations of language in two poems. When drawing from both Warming Her Pearls and Selling Manhattan , it is evident that Carol Anne Duffy maintains a certain avant-garde approach to the vast array of possibilities that language presents. She acutely exposes the ambiguity that language holds in its meanings, presenting the reader with endless connotations to consider. Duffy also draws attention to its inability to fully expressRead MoreThe Garden Path Effect1741 Words   |  7 Pageswho studied the garden path effect is Lyn Frazier who is a Linguistics professor at the University of Massachusetts. His garden path model of syntactic parsing influenced many linguists in their studies about the lexical and syntactical ambiguity in our language. In his book â€Å"The sausage machine†, Frasier claims that the longer a sentence, the more grammatical rules needed to be applied. With each word added to a simple phrase, the structure of the sentence becomes more complicated and more timeRead MoreResearch Proposal For Counterpoint Music Practice1410 Words   |  6 PagesInteractive Music, Domain Specific Programming Languages Design [Mernik, Heering, and Sloan, 2005], Controlled Natural Languages [Gao, 2016], and Software Architecture and Design. The implementation of this environment will follow the design principles in the context of creative thinking [Resnick, 2005], as follows: (1) enhancing different ways to build the composition logical layer through a reinterpretation of music notation as programming language, and (2) fomenting open interchange through theRead MoreWhat Makes Us Human? Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesarguments made that separates humans from animals is our communication style; our language. Is language inherently unique to human? To answer such a question, we first operationally define language as; â€Å"a system of communication based upon words and the combination of words into sentences† (University of Oslo). The purpose of language is for us to be able to convey an infinite amount of ideas to one another. Sign language in general also falls under this definition as it has a complex system of rules

Youth Unemployment in Malaysia-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Malaysian economy: Does it affect the youngsters? Answer: Increase in Youth Unemployment The Malaysian economy adversely impacts the youngsters. Foremost, moderating economic growth and wary business sentiments have restrained the companies from increasing their workforce. As a result, the unemployment among the youths, especially the graduates is on the rise. The graduates are having a difficult time in securing employment in this economy where the firms have scaled back on hiring. Figure 1: Source: The World Bank The data from figure one exhibits that the issue of youth unemployment in Malaysia is becoming problematic. For the past five years, youth unemployment has remained above10 percent. The unemployment among this category of the population was high in 2015 and 2016, that is, 11.82% and12.12% respectively(The World Bank, 2017). According to the Bank Negara Malaysia, the youths are most vulnerable to the economys trends. They are last to be employed and first to be rendered redundant. Such adverse experience among the youths in this country is caused by lack of experience, poor communication skills and lack of sufficient information about available opportunities in the labor market(Star Media Group Berhad, 2017). Underemployment Even those youths that have managed to get employment are facing the issue of underemployment. Most of the degree holders are engaged in occupations that do not require such level of educational attainment. This scenario shows that these youths are underutilized, receive low wages and also encounter other lousy career circumstances. A study by Bank Negara Malaysia reveals that underemployment in Malaysia is rising because Malaysian economy is facing challenges of drawing high-quality investments that would provide high-skilled and high-paying jobs for the graduates( The Coverage Malaysia, 2015).As a result of unemployment and underemployment, most of the Malaysians youths are living in poverty. Researches show that 67 percent of the youths receive a monthly salary that is below 1000 RM whereas 21 percent get between 1000 RM and 1500 RM( The Coverage Malaysia, 2015). This scenario demonstrates that the youths in this country face difficulties in obtaining essential needs and services. Solutions to Challenges Facing the Youngsters Address Skill Mismatch Firms and employers in Malaysia overwhelmingly consent that the quality and content of education in the country do not sufficiently prepare the students to exploit the opportunities in the industry. Therefore, addressing disparities in skill mismatch is essential in ensuring that the issue of unemployment among the youngsters is brought under control.Firstly, there is a need for greater collaboration between the companies and institutions of higher learning in enhancing the quality and content of education. For instance, industry experts should be involved in developing and improving university curricula. They should also be included in teaching short courses at colleges and universities, supporting final year projects, as well as participating as board members of university education institutions. Such efforts will assist the students to acquire the necessary technical and soft skills needed for a particular field in an economy.Additionally, the government should put measures in pla ce to incentivize more firms to offer apprenticeship opportunities to scholars in diverse fields of study. This program can be achieved by providing tax incentives to companies that give attachment and internship opportunities to the students. With a highly and well-educated workforce, Malaysia can also attract high-quality investments that will provide top paying jobs to the graduates and thus solve the issue of underemployment and poor remunerations. Providing Information According to the Bank Negara Malaysia, poor information in Malaysian labor market is one of the factors that increase youth unemployment in the country(Star Media Group Berhad, 2017). Addressing this problem will help minimize the issue youths face. Hence, the government should take a more proactive role in ensuring that the youths are informed about the available job opportunities. This scheme can be attained by establishing sufficient job information centers. References The Coverage Malaysia. (2015, December 8th). 400,000 Young Malaysians Unemployed and 88% of Youth Earning Below RM 1500? Retrieved October 20th, 2017, from https://thecoverage.my/lifestyle/youth/400-000-young-malaysians-are-poor-and-unemployed/ Star Media Group Berhad. (2017, March 27th). Young and jobless . Retrieved October 20th, 2017, from https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2017/03/27/young-and-jobless/ The World Bank. (2017). Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate). Retrieved October 20th, 2017, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.1524.ZS?end=2016locations=MYstart=2011

Speaking Truth to Power free essay sample

â€Å"No, not everyone has a father,† proclaimed the six year old girl. Since my conception my identity has been influenced by an unusual circumstance, which is my definition of family: my mother and myself. My being is credited to an anonymous male donor. Despite popular belief, donor is not synonymous with father. I have shared this fact frequently, most often to correct people’s assumptions about the idea of â€Å"family.† As I have grown and continually faced and responded to assumptions in regards to myself and my family, I have acquired the confidence to embrace my difference as an asset. Kindergarten and first-grade were magnificently ordinary at my private and diverse elementary school. It was just as common for a student to have two dads or two moms as it was to have one dad and one mom. No one questioned why I only had one parent as the school welcomed many blended families. We will write a custom essay sample on Speaking Truth to Power or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But when I enrolled in public school in a traditional middle class community where Mothers’ and Fathers’ Day were celebrated like national holidays, perceptions shifted. I began receiving questions: â€Å"Why is your family tree only half completed?† â€Å"Did your dad die?† â€Å"Why weren’t you at the father-daughter dance?† Tentative and fearful of rejection, I avoided answering. As time progressed and the questions persisted, my six year old self hesitantly confronted curiosity and conjectures by sharing my truth. To my surprise, some people refused to accept my definition of family. I was met with support and understanding as well as disbelief. Although it didn’t keep me up at night, I began to realize that my situation made some people uncomfortable. I interpreted the visible discomfort of some adults as distaste, and wondered if their judgement of what was natural and normal excluded me. Surrounded by a majority of â€Å"tradi tional† mom-dad families, I knew my world was different. I was uncharacteristically silent and awkward in new situations. I wasn’t sure how to respond to commonplace phrases (â€Å"take this home to your mom and dad†) or outright assumptions (â€Å"everybody has a father†). The environment of middle school encouraged and fostered conformity. Normality was embraced and differences hidden. Although few comments were directed at me, I was aware and terrified that my difference would be exposed in certain environments, especially in Spanish class, which required partners to create a presentation about a classmates’ family. When I was partnered with my good friend, I was beyond relieved. I wouldn’t have to explain that I didn’t have a father as he already knew! My anxiety emerged again when the projects were presented in class. Head down, I listened to my partner’s quick presentation where no dad was mentioned. As I stared at the floor listening to the description of my mom in Spanish, I realized that my silence out of fear of rejection showed shame and ignominy. High school opened doors of acceptance. Now it was Gender and Sexuality Alliance Day that was celebrated like a national holiday. As people started embracing their differences, I began to feel more comfortable sharing mine. When my basketball coach inquired about my family junior year, I confidently stated, â€Å"My family is my mom, who is a single mother by choice.† My coach responded â€Å"Is your father in the picture?† After explaining that I had a donor rather than a father, my coach apologized profuselyfor â€Å"asking too much.† With Anita Hill’s words in mindâ€Å"speaking truth to power†my internal thoughts, experiences, and responses that had been brewing ever since I entered public school finally came to fruition. With pride, I expressed my love for my family and insisted that my coach should not apologize for inquiring about it. At this moment I finally realized that differences are an empowering asset. My social anxiety transformed to personal acceptance and social advocacy for others. I embrace the freedom.

Why American Troops Are Being Sent Overseas Essays -

Why American Troops are being Sent Overseas Why American Troops are being Sent Overseas American troops are being sent overseas to maintain peace in a nation involved in a civil war. Whether the peace troops should or should not be sent overseas, they are being sent overseas. I do not believe that it is the responsibility of American troops to make peace in a country that is at Civil war. A civil war is a war fought within a nation between that nations people. By sending peace troops to East Timor the United States is now becoming involved in this nations war. This could cause the United States to go to war. The arrival of multinational troops could bring more violence, destruction, and chaos to East Timor. On the other hand it could also bring protection to the many people who have fled the violence from the Indonesian Militia. Force should not have to be used to make or keep peace in any country; therefore it is not necessary for American troops to have to risk there lives trying to make peace in a country that won't make peace until they get what they want, INDEPENDENCE. Sending troops into Dili, East Timor may help persuade the people to make peace, but it is not necessary to send all of those troops. Just a few mediators would be sufficient to help make peace. If the nations at battle would just talk they might be able to negotiate a peace treaty and there would be cooperation without more violence. American troops would not be exposed to the violence either. The United States is a country known for helping other countries in there time of need, and the United States always plays a big role in every country, whatever the situation may be. East Timor is fighting for there independence. The United States should not send more troops to help the Dili militia fight, but send trained people who know how to persuade people to make peace. Then the United States would be setting a good example by not using violence, and would still be protecting the people. The role of the United States is very important, and the United States has quite an image to keep up. Sometimes the United States does not know what the right decision is, and until they try one of there choices they will not know what the right or wrong decision is. It is not the United States responsibility to make peace in a country at civil war. It is the nations' that are at war who are responsible for making peace in their country. Unless the United States is at war American troops should be able to stay at home with their families. If the United States believe that it is their responsibility to help in some way, than they should help. Even if the United States does send mediators to Indonesia and East Timor they are still becoming involved in that civil war, but they are not using violence, and will not cause any more deaths. The United States would still be protecting the people just by having them talk to each other, instead of the people using force and violence. Any problem can be resolved by talking about it in a mature manner, and no one will be hurt in the process. Someday, it may not be soon and we may not live to see it, but this world will be a Utopia, a perfect place for all. There will be no more fighting or violence, only love and peace. Until that day we must strive to make this world a better place for all generations to come.

Free Essays on Disorders In Children

Childhood-Onset Bipolar Disorder Childhood Onset Bipolar Disorder (COBPD) is one of the most debilitating mental disorders affecting children today. Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder usually affecting adults that causes sometimes severe changes in mood. Childhood Onset Bipolar disorder is just what it sounds like, a bipolar disorder that occurs during childhood. Persons suffering from a bipolar disorder experience mood swings ranging from depression to mania. During a depressive episode patients can experience feelings of extreme hopelessness or sadness, inability to concentrate and trouble sleeping. Symptoms of mania include rapidly changing ideas, exaggerated cheerfulness and excessive physical activity. Hypomanic symptoms are the same as in mania, however, they are not so severe as to require hospitalization. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) outlines the diagnostic criteria for mood disorders. According to the DSM-IV, a per son must have at least 5 of the following symptoms during the same 2 week period to qualify as a major depressive episode: a depressed mood lasting most of the day for several days; a significant weight gain or weight loss; a loss of interest in activities; difficulty sleeping (insomnia) or an increased need for sleep (hypersomnia); restlessness or slowed pace observable by others; daily fatigue; feelings of guilt or worthlessness; inability to concentrate; or recurrent thoughts of death. These symptoms can only be diagnosed as a depressed episode if they are not better explained by grief, effects of a drug, or a medical condition. The person experiencing these symptoms must, also report an interference in their daily functioning because of the symptoms. Finally, the person’s symptoms do not meet the criteria for a mixed state. The criteria for a mixed episode state that the person must display symptoms of depression and mania every day during at least a 1... Free Essays on Disorders In Children Free Essays on Disorders In Children Childhood-Onset Bipolar Disorder Childhood Onset Bipolar Disorder (COBPD) is one of the most debilitating mental disorders affecting children today. Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder usually affecting adults that causes sometimes severe changes in mood. Childhood Onset Bipolar disorder is just what it sounds like, a bipolar disorder that occurs during childhood. Persons suffering from a bipolar disorder experience mood swings ranging from depression to mania. During a depressive episode patients can experience feelings of extreme hopelessness or sadness, inability to concentrate and trouble sleeping. Symptoms of mania include rapidly changing ideas, exaggerated cheerfulness and excessive physical activity. Hypomanic symptoms are the same as in mania, however, they are not so severe as to require hospitalization. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) outlines the diagnostic criteria for mood disorders. According to the DSM-IV, a per son must have at least 5 of the following symptoms during the same 2 week period to qualify as a major depressive episode: a depressed mood lasting most of the day for several days; a significant weight gain or weight loss; a loss of interest in activities; difficulty sleeping (insomnia) or an increased need for sleep (hypersomnia); restlessness or slowed pace observable by others; daily fatigue; feelings of guilt or worthlessness; inability to concentrate; or recurrent thoughts of death. These symptoms can only be diagnosed as a depressed episode if they are not better explained by grief, effects of a drug, or a medical condition. The person experiencing these symptoms must, also report an interference in their daily functioning because of the symptoms. Finally, the person’s symptoms do not meet the criteria for a mixed state. The criteria for a mixed episode state that the person must display symptoms of depression and mania every day during at least a 1...

Precis for two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Precis for two articles - Essay Example The effect is seen as the forest size in the state was reduced significantly. The author also notes that there have been challenges in saving trees in the region. One of the biggest challenges has been due to political consideration. This is because the area has a vast population of people making a large political base. Additionally, the government has been supporting voters at the expense of environmentalist. In fact, the frustration to the environmentalist has led to resignation of environment minister in the government. The other challenge has been on government policies such as Plano Amazonia. The policy of expanding infrastructure has also led to increased effect on the forest. Moreover, poor economic status has led to increased deforestation as some people depend on logging as a source of livelihood. As a result, clearing trees creates ways for cattle farmers to sow grass and raise their cattle’s. In fact, increased interest for land has led to murder especially in Para. However, there have been some initiatives for saving the forest. First, there has been a passage of land reform bill by the congress. Secondly, the government is engaging in improving economic status of the residence through commercialization of forest products. Moreover, foreign institutions have joined the effort through the provision of funds aimed at conserving the forest. Additionally, the infrastructure will be built in a sustainable manner. As a result, it is believed the initiatives will help in preserving the forest. The World Resource Institute report notes that the forests are under intense pressure and hence facing substantial environmental challenges. As a result, the pressure has been linked directly and indirectly to human. The significant pressure has been from human settlements. First, there has been increased deforestation for the last decade to create room for